LYUH ESTHER CHOLINE INOSITOL 10X

Daily Intake: 1 packet (6.5g)

※ % Nutritional Value: Percentages of the daily nutritional value 

1. What is Inositol?

- Found widely in melons, oranges, corn, soybeans, nuts, and microbes, it was once called vitamin B8 due to its similar structure to vitamin B; however, it is not referred to as a vitamin because it is synthesized in the human body.

- Americans consume 1,000 mg of inositol through their diet, which is synthesized from carbohydrates.

- Main benefits include: 1. Improvement in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) 2. Improvement in insulin resistance (metabolic syndrome) 3. Gestational diabetes 4. Depression/bipolar disorder

- Main mechanisms:

   1. Acts as a secondary messenger of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), regulating hormonal imbalance in women.

   2. As a secondary messenger for insulin, it improves insulin resistance by enhancing glucose absorption into cells.

   3. Reduction in testosterone levels.

2. Research related to Inositol

- Most studies indicate improvement in polycystic ovary syndrome with an intake of 4,000 mg/day.

- Folic acid has been extensively studied in combination with myo-inositol, confirming its effectiveness.

- Cautions: Known side effects are minor; however, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) can increase androgen levels and worsen PCOS.

- [Human Trials] Intake of 1,200 to 4,000 mg of myo-inositol improved insulin sensitivity, BMI, LH/FSH ratio, menstrual cycles, and ovulation. 

  [Link] https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/23/5566

1. What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?

- Normally, one follicle in a woman grows up to 2 cm, ovulates, and either gets fertilized or is expelled during menstruation two weeks later.

- Experienced by 5-10% of women of reproductive age, it is not a disease but a syndrome with no clear definition or known cause. It is characterized by "a cycle where follicles do not ovulate and degenerate in an immature state, and more than 12 small follicles ranging from 2-9 mm are observed."

- Common diagnostic criteria: Diagnosed as 'polycystic ovary syndrome' when at least two of the following three are confirmed:

  ① Amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea (less than 8 menstrual cycles per year, or cycles longer than 35 days) ② High androgen levels ③ Observation of polycystic ovaries.

- Primary issues: Menstrual disorders, anovulation, infertility, endometrial cancer.

- Secondary issues: Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance.

2. Three causes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome:

- The most commonly mentioned causes are as follows:

① Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis abnormality (hormonal imbalance)

- An imbalance of female hormones, LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone): LH to FSH ratio tends to rise to 2:1 to 3:1 (increased estrogen), experienced by about 30% of PCOS patients.

- 1. Release of GnRH from the hypothalamus → 2. Pituitary gland promotes the secretion of LH and FSH 3. LH stimulates androgen synthesis, FSH stimulates estrogen synthesis.

※ GnRH (gonadotrophins): General term for hormones that stimulate the development and function of reproductive glands such as the testes and ovaries.

② Insulin resistance

- Insulin directly stimulates the ovaries to increase androgen secretion and reduces SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin), raising testosterone levels; 50%-70% of patients have insulin resistance.

- Drugs like metformin that improve insulin resistance have been found to correct hormonal disorders in patients.

- Insulin resistance is presumed to be the underlying cause of PCOS, exacerbated by obesity.

※ SHBG: A glycoprotein synthesized in the liver that binds to testosterone, reducing its activity.

③ Excessive secretion of male hormones

- Hyperandrogenism shows a positive correlation with insulin resistance.

- Hyperandrogenism in women is associated with hirsutism, alopecia, acne, chronic anovulation, menstrual disorders, and metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes).

1. Myo-Inositol 4000MG Blend: Top priority ingredient for improving polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), regulating female hormones, and improving insulin resistance.

   - Myo-inositol, an isomer of inositol, has been confirmed to improve PCOS both alone and in combination.

   - Related mechanisms:

     1) Improvement in insulin resistance by inducing the influx of glucose into cells through GLUT-4 proteins.

     2) Improvement in female hormone imbalance as a secondary messenger of follicle-stimulating hormone.

   - [Meta-analysis paper] In 9 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) over 12-24 weeks, fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR index were shown to decrease with intake of myo-inositol alone or in combination with D-chiro-inositol (40:1) (https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/23/5566).

     ※ Inositol restores reduced GLUT-4 protein levels and glucose absorption capability similarly to metformin.

     ※ Fewer side effects were registered in patients taking MI compared to those on metformin.

     ※ Compared to metformin, MI significantly improved fasting insulin levels and serum triglycerides.

     ※ The combination of myo-inositol and metformin acts synergistically, showing a greater reduction in HOMA-IR.

   - Blend amount: 4,000mg/1 packet (6.5g)

   - Raw material documents: Non-GMO Indian origin

   - Note: DCI (D-chiro-inositol) stimulates the production of insulin-mediated androgens, increasing male hormone levels (androgens, testosterone) in women, which could lead to side effects; hence, it was excluded from the blend. DCI is found in higher ratios in patients with insulin resistance.

2. Lactic acid bacteria-derived Folic Acid: Most researched ingredient in combination with myo-inositol for improving PCOS.

   - Folic acid, in combination with myo-inositol, is the most researched component for improving polycystic ovary syndrome.

   - Uses folic acid derived from lactic acid bacteria to minimize chemical components.

   - Related mechanisms: Supplementation with folic acid helps reduce insulin levels and maintain glucose homeostasis.

   - [Meta-analysis paper] Evaluating the effects of folic acid supplementation in 22,500 participants across 29 studies showed that the folic acid group had reduced fasting insulin levels (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30615110/).

   - Blend amount: 100% RDA of folic acid

   - Raw material documents: US origin folic acid with 1% purity used despite cost and purity challenges because of the preference for natural ingredients.

3. Folic Acid Methylation Cycle Support: 100% dry yeast vitamin B2, B6, B12, and 6.5mg choline (based on input quantity).

   - Methylation is a biochemical process that attaches a methyl group (-CH3) to biomolecules, essential for hormone action.

   - The methylation cycle is closely linked to the folic acid cycle, supporting hormone action and requiring nutrient intake for the folic acid-methylation cycle.

   - Related mechanisms: Chain reactions between the folic acid cycle and methylation cycle regulate hormone actions.

   - Related components: Choline (starting component of the methylation cycle), vitamins B2/B6/B12/folic acid (necessary components for the folic acid cycle).

   - Academic explanation: https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.naver?isHttpsRedirect=true&blogId=sweetj20&logNo=221422251418

   - Blend amount: 100% vitamin B2, B6, B12, and 6.5mg hydrogen stannate choline.

   - Raw material documents: Uses dry yeast vitamins instead of synthetic vitamins, choline (a precursor to betaine required for methylation) blended at 6.5mg.

4. Insulin Resistance Control: 100% magnesium oxide, dry yeast zinc, and chromium.

   - The fundamental causes of polycystic ovary syndrome primarily include insulin resistance and hormonal imbalance.

   - Blend includes the three most researched minerals (magnesium, zinc, chromium) for improving insulin resistance.

   - Related mechanisms:

     1. Magnesium: Increases insulin receptor signaling and insulin expression, related to glucose transportation.

        [Animal Study] Magnesium supplementation improved insulin levels and insulin sensitivity and increased insulin receptor signaling (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7478262/).

     2. Zinc: Necessary for insulin biosynthesis, strengthens the binding of insulin to liver cell membranes, stabilizing insulin.

        [Analysis Paper] Zinc is necessary for the biosynthesis of insulin and regulation of glucose homeostasis (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

/19817803/).

     3. Chromium: Regulates insulin action.

        [Analysis Paper] Chromium helps reduce insulin resistance and decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15208835/).

   - Blend amount: 100% magnesium, zinc, chromium.

   - Raw material documents: Uses dry yeast-derived zinc and chromium; magnesium used is synthetic due to dosage constraints.

5. Estrogen Metabolism Control: Organic vegetable and fruit powder blend.

   - Recommended by a million-subscriber YouTuber pharmacist: Intake of cruciferous vegetables promotes the synthesis of good estrogen (2-hydroxy estrogen, which prevents cancer and promotes muscle creation while reducing fat) and reduces bad estrogen (4-hydroxy estrogen, 16-hydroxy estrogen, related to cancer and PMS).

   - Related mechanisms: Indole-3-carbinol (DIM) from cruciferous vegetables (cabbage, broccoli, kale, cauliflower) regulates estrogen metabolism in the liver.

   - [Analysis Paper] The active form of indole-3-carbinol, DIM, prevents diseases related to excess estrogen, such as breast and endometrial cancer (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002231662216102X).

   - Blend amount: Concept ingredient content.

   - Raw material documents: Organic kale, broccoli, and other fruit and vegetable mix.

1. Myo-inositol and related nutrients are all included in one packet to address the fundamental causes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

   - PCOS, affecting 5%-10% of women of reproductive age, requires a clear understanding of its root causes and the consumption of only the necessary nutrients.

   - Commonly cited fundamental causes in related literature and by medical associations both domestically and internationally are:

     1. Hormonal imbalance (excess male hormones) 2. Insulin resistance.

   - Improvement of insulin resistance/hormonal balance: Myo-inositol 4,000mg + Folic Acid 100% (ingredient combination researched in SCI human trials).

     - Human trials confirmed that intake of myo-inositol 4,000mg + folic acid improves symptoms of PCOS.

   - Support for the folic acid-methylation cycle regulating hormone action: Vitamin B2 100%, Vitamin B6 100%, Vitamin B12 100%, Choline 6.5mg.

   - Three minerals for controlling insulin resistance: Magnesium 100%, Zinc 100%, Chromium 100%.

     - Research papers confirm that magnesium, zinc, and chromium can assist in the biosynthesis and regulation of insulin.

   - Cruciferous vegetables rich in indole-3-carbinol enhance the metabolism of good estrogen: Organic fruit and vegetable powder blend.

     - Research papers confirm that indole-3-carbinol metabolized in the human body regulates diseases associated with excess estrogen.

2. Maximally excludes synthetic chemicals, utilizing vitamins and minerals derived from lactic acid bacteria and dry yeast.

   - This product is intended for women with hormone imbalances and sensitive physical conditions, utilizing naturally derived ingredients and minimizing chemical additives.

   - Three types of vitamins derived from dry yeast: Vitamin B2, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12.

   - Two types of minerals derived from dry yeast: Zinc, Chromium.

   - Uses folic acid derived from lactic acid bacteria and organic fruit and vegetable powder blend.

3. Ensures the intake of vitamins/minerals based on the finished product's RDA, not just the input quantity.

- Those experiencing difficulties with polycystic ovary syndrome.  

- Those struggling with irregular menstruation and menstrual cycles.  

- Those facing challenges with infertility/sterility and excess male hormones.  

- Those having difficulty regulating insulin due to obesity/diabetes.  

- Those dealing with gestational diabetes and depression.